ISSN: 1304-7191 | E-ISSN: 1304-7205
Influence of artificial aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of Aluminum 2219-T87 TIG welded joints
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
2Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
Sigma J Eng Nat Sci 2026; 44(4): 2963-2973 DOI: 10.14744/sigma.2026.2138

Abstract

TIG welding technique was employed commonly for welding light weight materials such as aluminum at industrial level. In aerospace industry, Al 2219 material is utilized extensively in different temper grades. However, T87 temper grade is known for its superior strength compared to T6, although with reduced ductility and formability, making its behaviour under prolonged aging cycles particularly relevant for high-performance applications. This study specifically focussed on mechanical and microstructural performance of TIG-welded Al 2219-T87 joints before and after artificial aging using two extended aging durations. A filler wire with a diameter of 2.6mm, ER 2319, was used for welding 5mm thick plate. The welded joints were subjected to artificial aging at 190°C for durations of 18 hours and 24 hours to investigate the impact on joint properties. Microscopic examination was carried out on the weldments in both the as-welded condition and after the post-weld aging treatments to observe structural changes. After 18 hours of artificial aging, the weld zone and heat affected zone exhibited a fine and dense grain structure. Additionally, a large number of precipitates were observed after 24 hours of aging. The post-weld aged samples demonstrated significantly higher ultimate tensile strength and yield strength compared to the as-welded samples. Specifically, there was an enhancement of approximately 60% in ultimate tensile strength and 30% in yield strength when compared to the as-welded condition. The ductility, measured in terms of percent tensile elongation, of the welded joints also improved after 18 hours of aging. It was found that toughness increased by 40%, and there was a 90% increment in percent elongation after 18 hours of aging, attributed to the presence of fine, equiaxed grains and reasonable precipitation. Excessive precipitation and elongated grains were observed after 24 hours of aging.