ISSN: 1304-7191 | E-ISSN: 1304-7205
A conformal 4-element phased array antenna using a T-junction power divider for beam steering in X-band unmanned aerial vehicle applications
1Turkish Aerospace, Ankara, 06980, Türkiye
2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, 39000, Türkiye
3Department of Electronic and Communications Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, 34220, Türkiye
Sigma J Eng Nat Sci 2026; 44(5): 3107-3119 DOI: 10.14744/sigma.2026.2146
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Abstract

This paper presents a 4-element conformal phased array antenna with beam steering capabilities designed for mounting on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for X-band applications. The antenna integrates a T-junction power divider to achieve electronically steered beams and reduce side lobe levels. The design features a 1×4 array with optimized parameters, “S”-shaped structures for beam steering, and tapered lines for impedance matching that transition logarithmically from 100Ω to 50Ω to ensure effective signal transmission. The proposed array antenna has a size of 70 mm × 50 mm and a thickness of 1.57 mm. Consequently, the array antenna achieves a reflection coefficient of -30.91 dB with a bandwidth of approximately 250 MHz, centered at 10.3 GHz, and a gain of 10.28 dBi, oriented at 𝜃 = 0°. In addition, for surface compatibility analysis, the phased array antenna is bent on a cylinder with a radius of 133 mm for analysis and measurements. The experimental results confirm the antenna’s suitability for X-band UAV applications.