Today, the transformation of polymers into useful structures for the human body in medical field has been an interesting subject that affected everyone. Synthetic polymers have a wide range of uses in the health sector such as coating, cardiovascular, orthodontic surgery, tissue engineering, implant, and drug carrier with the development of technology. These polymers are known as polymers with various characteristics and applications artificially synthesized in accordance with chemical and thermodynamic laws. The polymers in health sector have a share of 41% in drug and release studies, 18% in treatment with therapy applications, 10% in vaccine production, 31% in studies on new approaches in this field. Synthetic polymers have ability to be produced cheaply and easily in large quantities. In this study, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyolefin, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, poly-methyl methacrylate, polyester, polyamide and poly-lactic acid were investigated and details regarding the applications with explications of polymers were provided. It was seen that synthetic polymers could be evaluated in treatment of cancer and chronic diseases by determining the most appropriate methods and techniques with biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic materials.