In today’s construction practices, incorporation of carbon positive coal fly ash in cement manufacturing has lowered the pace of primary raw material consumption. Coal reserves are limit-ed and hence commercially available coal fly ash will vanish in the coming future. Biomass ash is a sustainable alternative. This ash is carbon neutral and comply with the provisions of sup-plementary cementing material provided in IS 3812 (Part-I): 2013 and ASTM C618. Biomass ash contains considerable amount of unburned carbon. Most researchers adopt temperature controlled calcination for carbon removal but controlling only temperature does yield ash with optimum pozzolanic activity. Therefore, the present review aims to study the effects of underexplored parameters like retention time, heating rate, cooling method and combustion technology along with temperature for determining the optimum control over each parame-ter with the help of chemical mechanism. The study of mechanical performance of concrete, incorporating ash treated at various calcination parameter with distinct control reveals the optimum temperature, retention time, heating rate and cooling regime were 500–700oC, 2 – 5 hours, less than 10 oC/ min and rapid cooling respectively. The characteristics of ash obtained after calcination with all parameters of thermal treatment, regulated at optimum extent will possess high pozzolanic activity. The treatment might increase the cement replacement per-centage and the mechanical performance of cement based matrix. The utilization of biomass ash will decelerate the pace of raw material consumption required for cement production, reduce land overburden and suffice needs of construction industry leading to a more sustainable future.