TI - Arabic sign language recognition using enhanced optimization: Enhancing communication for people with hearing disabilities AU - ROKAYA, M. AU - MESHREF, H. AU - MASUD, M. AU - GAD, I. AU - M. ALMARS, A. AU - MAHMOUD, B. AU - ALQARNI, A. AU - ATLAM, E. SO - Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 2026;44:1456-1480. DO - 10.14744/sigma.2026.2045